Looking back, I realise how much of that journey was made possible by literacy.
But not every girl is given that same foundation.
I remember one girl in Projek BacaBaca, a reading programme based at the School of Education, who rarely spoke during the early sessions. She avoided reading aloud and kept her answers short, worried about getting them wrong. Over time, as her reading improved, something changed. She began to sit up straighter. She started volunteering to answer. She smiled more. With each paragraph she learned to read, her confidence grew.
Her world had not physically changed. But her place within it had.
She is not alone. In Malaysia, almost every child goes to school, yet many still struggle to read with confidence and understanding. They move from year to year, present in the classroom but unable to fully participate in learning. For girls, this can shape how they see themselves, what they believe they are capable of, and whether they feel that education truly belongs to them.
This is how inequality begins. Not always through the absence of schooling, but through the absence of literacy.
That foundation matters even more today. When I first began using artificial intelligence tools in my work, I was struck by how easily one could accept what was presented without question. Literacy allows us to pause, to evaluate, and to decide for ourselves what is meaningful. It allows us to remain active participants in a world increasingly shaped by information and technology.