When oil reaches the water, Malaysia relies on a handful of established methods to clean it up. The most common are booms and skimmers: booms are floating barriers that pen a slick in and stop it spreading, while skimmers are the devices that then lift the pooled oil off the surface. The pairing works best in calm, contained water, and it is expensive to run, hungry for energy, and less reliable when the oil layer is thin or a current keeps moving it.
The other common response is chemical dispersants, sprayed onto a slick to break it into fine droplets that mix down into the water rather than sitting on top. That clears the surface, but it drives the oil below it, and the dispersant chemicals and dispersed oil together can prove toxic to the aquatic life they pass through.
Dr Low's project takes a different route, through materials science and engineering. The idea is a sorbent: a material engineered to attract and hold oil while shedding water, so it soaks a slick up like a sponge and lets the oil be carried away with it. Drawing on polymer chemistry and nanotechnology, he aims to build one that holds more oil, stands up to repeated use, and can be recovered and wrung out to work again rather than thrown away after a single clean-up.